High-efficiency magnetic refrigeration using holmium

Energy Efficiency of Refrigeration Systems for High - Heat - Flux Microelectronics

Increasingly, military and civilian applications of electronics require extremely high-heat fluxes on the order of 1000 W /cm2. Thermal management solutions for these severe operating conditions are subject to a number of constraints, including energy consumption, controllability, and the volume or size of the package. Calculations indicate that the only possible approach to meeting this heat f...

Clusters for Magnetic Refrigeration**

Energy Efficiency of Refrigeration Systems

Energy efficiency plays an important role in the development and operation of refrigeration systems. The method of the VDMA 24247-2 2 “Energy efficiency of refrigeration systems – Requirements for the system design and the components” were recently published. The method will be described within this paper, with the focus on the graphical interpretation.

Simulation of magnetic refrigeration systems

Theory of commensurable magnetic structures in holmium.

The tendency for the period of the helically ordered moments in holmium to lock into values which are commensurable with the lattice is studied theoretically as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The commensurable effects are derived in the mean-field approximation from numerical calculations of the free energy of various commensurable structures, and the results are compared with th...